Genetically Modified Foods Essay -- GMOs, Genetically Modified Crops

Introduction Let’s face it, the term genetically modified (GM) foods is not the most appetizing word in the English language and neither is the term genetically engineered foods for that matter. Whether or not you realize it, you have consumed at least one product that contains genetically modified foods. These â€Å"modified foods† are hiding all over your supermarkets and in some instances, there is no way to tell just by looking at it. But, they have been around for more than two decades and it has helped to keep our food supply alive. The technological innovation that is genetically modified foods was first introduced during the early 1980s. It took nearly two decades of expensive research and development to move agricultural and food products from the lab and into your supermarkets (Weick & Walchi, 2002). The basic process of creating GM foods is to isolate the gene of a living organism and transfer them into a different living organism. This process is known as â€Å"recombinant DNA or gene technology† (Windley, 2008). This is done by cutting DNA from different organisms and joining them together. The loops of DNA that are naturally found in bacteria are cut with a restriction enzyme and then combined with a gene of interest. The technology allows plant breeders to produce crops with characteristics that can withstand diseases and insects. This paper will focus on the effects of genetically modified foods on producers, consumers, and the environment. I decided to choose this topic because it has always been a subject mentioned throughout many of my science courses. I have heard the term, but never fully understood what it meant or its impact on the world. By choosing this as my research paper topic, I know it will better my und... ...ture. MEDSURG Nursing, 11(5), 242-246. Retrieved from CINAHL Plus with Full Text. McCullum, C., Benbrook, C., Knowles, L., Roberts, S., & Schryver, T. (2003). Application of modern biotechnology to food and agriculture: Food systems perspective. Journal of Nutrition Education & Behavior, 35(6), 319-332. Retrieved from CINAHL Plus with Full Text. Weick,C.W., Walchli,S.B. (2002). Genetically engineered crops and foods: Back to the basics of technology diffusion. Technology in Society, 21(3), 265-283. Retrieved from Science Direct. Whitman, D. B. (2000, April). Genetically modified foods: Harmful or helpful? ProQuest. Retrieved April 2, 2012, from http://www.csa.com/discoveryguides/gmfood/overview.php Windley,S. (2008). Genetically Modified Foods. Pure Health MD.Retrieved April 3, 2012, from http://arch.ttu.edu/w/images/d/d8/Genetically_Modified_Foods.pdf

Historical Development of the Early Childcare Essay

a) History and current status of childcare provision in Ireland During the early Twentieth century in Ireland there was a lack of job opportunities for women in the workforce. Women were still seen largely seen as the ‘stay at home figure’. Due to this environmental impact, children were cared for in their own homes mainly by their mothers. Therefore there was less of a demand in the Early Childcare Education sector. This ended when children started attending Primary school. During the latter part of the Twentieth century, during the times of the Celtic Tiger, the number of job opportunities for women in the workforce escalated. This resulted in an increase in urbanisation and a decrease in family support. For example: Families lived further apart from each other, and as a result, it did not make sense to leave the children with their grandmother or other family members due to financial restrictions such as the price of fuel, or time restrictions such as the length of time taken to leave the children from one  destination to the ot her. This lead to parents seeking the childminding services privately or within their local area. Statistics have shown that approximately 60% of children under six years of age attended a form of childcare service at this time. (Class Notes) There was a substantial increase in the demand for both private and community childcare services. In response to the rapidly increasing demand for childcare service, it was deemed necessary that an ‘Expert Working Group on Childcare’ was formed. The Expert Working Group came together and arranged a meeting to discuss ways to resolve the upcoming problems within the childcare services sector. They held discussions on how to make childcare services more readily available and accessible to families in Ireland. It was recognized at this point, that there was a need to develop a ‘National Strategy’ to assist them with the transformation of the current childcare services sector. Thus, a National Strategy was developed and was published in 1999. The National strategy recognized and contained the following principles: ‘The Needs and the rights of the child, Equality of access and participation, Diversity, Partnership and Quality’ (Class Notes Page 2) It also contained suggestions and advice on support for parents/guardians, Laws relating childcare, Qualifications, Employment, Planning and Co-ordination. In 2002, the Centre for Early childhood development and Education was established. This centre was set up to develop standards and to improve the childcare sector. The Centre for early Childhood Development and Education aimed to ensure that every childcare setting (whether it was a Full-time / Part-time service or a Public / Private service); met the criteria and quality standards that that were established by the Centre. The main objective of the Centre for Early childhood development and Education was to focus on improving more disadvantaged are as as well as the more advantaged areas so as to ensure that all areas within the childcare sector offered the same quality of services In 2006, ‘Siolta’ was launched. Siolta was set up to implement the first aim of the Centre for Early Childhood Development and Education which was to develop the current standards within the childcare sector. This was called ‘The National Quality Framework for Early Education’. This ensured that there was support in improving quality across all childcare services which contained children from 0-6 years of age. Further to this, in 2009, a new scheme was introduced within the Childcare sector. The Early Childcare  Education scheme ‘Free pre-school place’ was formed. The free pre-school place enabled children within the age range of 3 years and 3 months and 4 years 6 months in September of the relevant year to engage in one free academic year within a full time or seasonal service. If a childcare service/ centre wanted to take part in the Early Childcare Education scheme, the criteria set out by Siolta had to be met and furthermore the Principles set by An Siolta would have to be implemented within their current childcare setting. It is important to recognize that this is the first time that Early childhood education has received any direct Universal funding. As a result of the free pre-school place initiative, the demand within the childcare sector continued to grow. (Siolta) More recent developments within the childcare sector include the introduction of a new initiative called ‘Aistear’, which was established by the Department of Education and Skills through NCCA in 2010. Aistear from the Irish word meaning ‘journey’, is of relevant importance to childcare settings where children from the ages of 0-6 years receive their care and education. Aistear works closely alongside Siolta and consists of an informal curriculum that contains twelve principles and themes that give guidance to the childcare worker. Aistear recognizes that education and care are not separate within the childcare sector and they aim to help children grow and develop independently.(Aistear) b) Current range of childcare provision in Ireland Six types of services that can be categorised under sessional and fulltime services are: Naà onraà  – A Naà onraà  is a sessional service. It organises and communicates with the playgroup through the medium of Irish, they recognise each child as individuals. The service doesn’t put pressure on children to speak Irish, they still encourage and support children either way. As the children are surrounded in Irish they will gradually pick up and learn the language in their own time. The service is recognised by Forbairt Naà onraà . Parent and toddler groups – This is a sessional service and is supported by Early Childhood Ireland. Parents and their children/toddlers meet in one area, often held in one of the parent houses who are taking part in the service. It gives children the opportunity to gain the experience of interacting with others, therefore promoting and developing the child’s social skills. It also gives parents the opportunity to intera ct with other  parents, gaining support of each other. Montessori pre-schools – The pre-school is usually privately run, it develops its curriculum around the methods of Dr Maria. The Montessori focuses mainly on the child’s educational development, its curriculum is therefore more practical based, isn’t fully focused on play. This action of purely practical based education may be scrutinised by certain individuals as it thought by some theorists that children should experience and develop through the experience of play at this young age. The pre-school functions on academic year and mainly cares for children from three to six years of age. Home and community playgroups – Home and community playgroups care for children within the age range of 2 and a half to five years of age, they operate in either a home or community basis. Home playgroups are generally privately funded where as community playgroups receive funding from the government, each service usually opens and runs for a period of three to four hours each day. The service highlights and develops children’s social and emotional learning through play. Crà ¨ches, Nurseries and Day care services – These services are recognised as a fulltime service and cater for children from the age of approximately three months to five years of age. They are open at a minimum of eight hours a day and usually provide a day-to-day curriculum. The services can be privately or publicly run, an increase in demand for these services greatly increased after the Free Pre-School Year was introduced. Each service provides the children attending the service with a hot meal and snacks during the duration of the day. Each service helps met the child’s safety, welfare and developmental needs. They also help children make the best of their abilities, whether that be through play or practical learning. Family Day Care – Children are looked after in the childminders home. There is no specific age group that Family Day Care caters for, they can cater for all different age groups at once in the same facility. The hours that the carer caters for the children is arranged between the child’s parent and the carer. The children become easily settled in this form of day care as they are only interacting and building a relationship with one adult with the service. The children are provided with snacks and possibly hot meals, depending on the length of time the child is attending the service. The service is supported and recognised by Childminding Ireland. c) Current range of roles in childcare support organisations and agencies Health Service Executive (HSE) – is the first service contacted when there is a serious concern involving a child safety or family issue , the Health Service Executive then has the responsibility of bringing services and agencies together to help resolve the concerned matter. The Health Service Executive provides services that helps protect and support children, parents/guardians and families. There are many roles within the Health Service Executive, they include: Family support worker – The Family support worker offers support and supplies services to family’s going through emotionally distressing times. The Family Support Worker tries to keep families remained together unless there is a family member deemed at serious risk if kept together. Some of the services that The Family Support Worker will supply to the family to try help resolve the issues are, â€Å"Parenting Skills, Confidence and Personal Development, Home Care management, Diet, Nutrition and Health Care, Budgeting and family Finance†. (Class notes page 4) Community Childcare Worker – The Community Childcare Worker works alongside professionals to give support to children who are in disadvantaged families, deemed at risk, deprived or in care. The Community Childcare Worker also helps children deal with or come to an understanding of why they are in that care home. Social Worker – works with problematic families and individuals, The Social Worker helps resolve problems in families whether that is emotional, behavioural or social problems. Social Workers also deal with problems such as child abuse, domestic violence, and adoption. Before removing children from their home and separating families social worker s have to prove that they have gave families every option possible, if the family /parents does not comply with any of the options, the matter continues to rise and the child/children are still recognised at risk then the case is taken to court and assessed by a Judge whether the child/children should be removed from the family home, thus action is seen as a last resort. Barnardos – Barnardos is Ireland’s biggest children’s charity. It is focused on working with children and families on, whether that be group work or one-on-one interaction. Barnardos help children make the best of their abilities when going through difficult situations, such as neglect, abuse,  or poverty. They provide a range of services to help families through distressing time’s i.e counselling, and bereavement help lines. Barnardos also protest against Government laws that affect children and their way of living e.g. child benefit cuts. d) Six National Childcare organisations Barnardos – Barnardos is Ireland’s biggest children’s charity, it is mainly focused on working with children and families. Barnardos provide a range of services to help assist and support families through distressing times, they also help children make the best of their abilities whilst going through or have gone through difficult times e.g. neglect. Childminding Ireland- is a registered Charity and was created in 1986. It was created by a small group of childminders that further grew into a bigger organisation. The organisation promotes home-based childcare. Forbairt Naà onraà  Teoranta – is a voluntary organisation which supports education and care for children from birth who are brought up in Irish. St.Nicholas Montessori Society of Ireland – Provide opportunities for Montessori teachers to further their profession. They also offer help, support and give guidance for Montessori teachers. The Irish Society for the prevention of Children’s Cruelty – Provide a 24hour support service for children who are going through a difficult situations. States that id high quality childcare service wants to keep their service high quality, then the service must ensure that there is good child protection within the facility. The organisation also recognises children are individuals and therefore the child’s right s and values should be supported. Border Counties Childcare Network – Is a network that services in counties such as Monaghan, Meath, Louth, Cavan, Donegal, Sligo and Leitrim in helping deliver a childhood service of high quality. LO4: Clear explanation the rights of the child in the context of an ECCE setting. A) Examine the UN convention on the Rights of the Child. The UN convention on the Rights of the Child has 54 articles. These  fifty-four articles are a written list of the different types of the child’s rights, if those rights are intentionally broken it is seen as breaking the law. The UN convention on the Rights of the child can be broken into four broad areas, these four areas are – Survival, Development, Protection and Participation. Survival – The child has a right to life and the right to the basic requirements to survive life e.g. food, water, shelter, clothing, medical aid. Development – The child has a right to education, religion, play, develop the identification of right and wrong and leisure. The child also has the right to be provided with a safe environment to develop these skills and knowledge. Protection – The child has the right to be protected against abuse and neglect. If a child has come in interference with and suffered from abuse then the child has the right to some form of counselling to come to an understanding and overcome the traumatic situation. Participation – The child has the right to join organisations e.g. clubs, groups, freedom of expression and speech. Standard 1: Right of the child. â€Å"Ensuring that each child’s rights are met, requires that she/he is enabled to exercise choice and to use initiative as an active participant and partner in her/his own development and learning.† (Siolta page 13) Component 1.1 – Choice for the child Practitioners could put component 1.1 into practice at meal time. By giving the child the options at meal time, this could be achieved by giving the child the choice of two different meals therefore enabling the child to make its own choices. If a child decides they do not want to eat at meal time the practitioner should respect the child’s decision. By having different utensils available at meal time e.g. chopsticks, this provides choice for the child. The child can then make the choice on what they want to eat there meal with. Component 1.2 – Use initiative A practitioners could put component 1.2 into practice with a child from twelve – thirty-six months by providing the opportunity of letting the child out on its coat independently, enabling the child to zip or button  the coat. The practitioner should talk the child through the process, encourage the child as she/he is trying to overcome and accomplish the task and support the child if he/she comes into difficulty. Component 1.3 – active participants A practitioner could put component 1.3 into practice with a child from birth to eighteen months by viably communicating. While/when the practitioner is changing the child’s nappy he/she could viably communicate to the child and make eye contact whilst changing its nappy. The practitioner could also sing nursery rhymes and act out movements to the child e.g. three little pigs, touching the child’s toes whilst singing the rhyme. This makes the child feel comfortable and an active participant throughout the activity. LO2: Detained description of the qualifications and experience needed for work associated with one occupation in the ECCE sector. a) Outline legislations, policies, practices and procedures pertaining to ECCE provision. Childcare Act 1991 Provides asset of rules relating to children/young adults under the age of eighteen in Ireland, it governs the care and protection of children in Ireland. (Classnotes) Due to this legislation the Health Service Executive has a mandatory duty to promote and protect the wellbeing of all children under this act. Children who are being abused or at risk, this Act allows those children to be removed or be placed under the care of the Health Service Executive. In relation to preschool services the Act is consulted with when rules and regulations are being drawn up for the supervision of children of pre-school services. Under the Act the pre-school carers have a responsibility and duty to implement safety and wellbeing of children under their pre-school setting. If the pre-school carer has concern for a child’s safety health it is their responsibility to notify the Health Service Executive. If a new pre-school setting is being set up or is intending to set up the local Health Service Executive must be notified. The Health Service Executive then has a duty to inspect the pre-school setting to  ensure the health and safety standards of the setting are being met. The rules and regulations drawn up from the Act must be strictly followed by the practitioners. Childcare (preschool services) Regulations 2006 The regulation outlines the standards that a preschool setting of any form must put/have in place before it can commence e.g. all forms of health, safety and welfare of the setting must be put in place to ensure full safety of the child is being met. It is the Health Service Executive’s duty for inspecting and giving a report of information on pre-schools of any sort or kind who care for children from the age of zero-six years of age. The regulation is arranged in six parts – thirty-three regulations and can be broadly covered over the following areas: â€Å"Health, welfare and development of the child Notification and inspection by the Health Service Executive Record keeping Standard of premises and facilities General administration† (class notes) Policies and procedures must be drawn up and developed from these points. Children First 1999 Children First was first made available in the year 1999 but was later replaced with Children First: National Guidance for the Protection and Welfare of Children 2011. The general rule of the document was left unchanged but acknowledges past inspections and reports and feedback, due to this the document had been edited to set out distinctive guidelines that individual roles should take is concerned for a child’s health, safety and welfare. Children First: National Guidance for the Protection and Welfare of Children 2011 main aims are to ensure children’s health safety and welfare are being constantly met. That society are aware that they should not assume but should report any concerns regarding a child’s health and safety and realise that it is their responsibility to put this action into place. The legislation provides advise/support for parents/guardians in regards to their role as a parent/carer. Inspections made by the ‘Department of Education and Science’ will take place through-out schools of all sorts to  reinforce and ensure that the new legislation is being enforced. Siolta Siolta is made up of twelve principals, sixteen standard and seventy-five components. The twelve principals provide the base of the frame work. Without the principals the components wouldn’t be able to be put in place. The principals give direction for childcare workers on how they should carry out their work in an Early Childhood Care and Education environment, how to interact and communicate with children and fillies, how subjects should be taught and how the services that the childcare worker works in should be organised. The twelve principles contain: Equality – is a necessary aspect to have in a childcare setting, it is essential every child feels equal. Diversity- Every childcare setting should recognise that each child comes from very different backgrounds. It is the childcares settings responsibility to confirm that they understand, respect and accommodate this with visual aids e.g. posters, dolls from different ethnic backgrounds, chopsticks in the home area ec t. Environment- The physical layout of the setting should be organised to meet, encourage and develop the child’s abilities so the child can reach their full potential. Welfare- The child’s health, safety and welfare is essential and should be met as much as it possibly can be e.g. if a child has chicken pock’s, that child should be removed to a room where no other children are present the child’s parents should be contacted and the child shouldn’t return until it has cleared to prevent it infecting other children. The role of the adult- The adult working in the setting has a responsibility to make sure the child is making the most of their experience and are reaching full potential while in that adults company. Teamwork-Good communication and respect should be shown and practised in settings between the various workers in the setting. If there isn’t respect among workers, there won’t be good teamwork skills therefore the children present in that company will pick up on the negative energy and put what they have picked up on into practice. Pedagogy- The study and theory of the methods and principals of teaching should be put in place in early childhood care and education through holistic play, as this is the most appropriate method of learning for children of that age range. Play-Should be promoted, as it is an essential part in a child’s development  whether that be physical or theory learning. Sioltas sixteen standards are essential and necessary in services as it give guidance for workers within the service, IT gives guidance on how to act, provide and develop services with the setting. The standards contain various elements such as the various elements such as the child’s rights to the legislation and regulation. It’s from the sanders that the seventy-five components are made up. The components help meet the standard. Without the sixteen standards and seventy-five components the knowledge of the twelve principals wouldn’t be able to be put in place as effectively. Siolta was created to improve the way childcare is taught, organised, carried out and viewed in the Early Childhood Care and Education settings who cater for children from the age range of birth to six years of age. It â€Å"defines, assess and supports† these improvements. Early Childhood Care and Education settings and services taking part in the free school year must implement Siolta, making more demand for the service. (siolta) Aistear Aistear, was established by the Department of Education and Skills through NCCA in 2010. Aistear from the Irish word meaning ‘journey’, is of relevant importance to childcare settings where children from the ages of 0-6 years receive their care and education. Aistear works closely alongside Siolta and consists of an informal curriculum that contains twelve principles and themes that give guidance to the childcare worker. Aistear recognizes that education and care are not separate within the childcare sector and they aim to help children grow and develop independently. (Aistear) The manager The manager is required to have a minimum level 7/8 qualification in childcare, they have to manage the day-to-day routine of the preschool setting, ensuring that the developmental needs, safety and wellbeing of each individual child are being met. The manager may also be required to work unsocial hours and must attend to relevant meetings. The manager also has the responsibility to ensure the child protection policy is being implemented within the setting, recording and concerns and also ensuring high sanders of safety are being maintained at all times. (Class notes) The Childcare assistant The Childcare assistant is required to have a minimum of a level 5 qualification in childcare and previous experience is required. They assist in the day-to-day organisation and preparation of the childcare setting. The Childcare assistant must maintain all personal information of the individual children as confidential and at times have to work unsocial hours. The assistant must ensure the children within their care are receiving high standards of care, safety and wellbeing whilst also ensuring the developmental need of the children are being met accurately. The Childcare Assistant will have to at times participate in fundraising activities, special events and outings. They must strictly follow the Child Protection policy and report any concerns. (class notes) The Playgroup Leader The Playgroup Leader is required to have a minimum of a level 5 qualification in childcare and previous experience in childcare is required. The Playgroup Leader is required to manage the day-to-day routine of the playgroup. The playgroup leader has the responsibility to ensure the safety, wellbeing and developmental needs of the children are being continually being met. They must keep all personal information regarding the children within the service, children’s family and staff strictly confidential. Must strictly follow and promote the Child Protection Policy, ensuring high standers of hygiene and quality are being promoted within the setting. Organise regular meetings with parents throughout the year. Must regularly carry out appraisal on the staff’s performance, make sure all staff and volunteers have guard vetting. Must try to obtain good staff more and show respect to other staff members. Special Needs Assistant A Special Needs Assistant must have a minimum level5 qualification in childcare. Must ensure that all personal information regarding children or staff they work with remains confidently then it should be reported. Must strictly follow the Child Protection Act and make sure the developmental needs of the child are being met. The assists are recruited to help assist  and support children with special needs or difficult behaviour problems in schools. The assistants engage regularly with the parents of the special needs child, they also participate in fundraising activities, special events and outings to further help the child or children with special needs. Montessori teacher Must have a minimum level5 qualification in childcare. Must strictly follow the Child Protection Act and make sure the developmental needs of the child are being met, ensuring high standards of hygiene and quality are being promoted within the setting. A Montessori has the responsibly to provide opportunities for children so they can figure out how to do something for themselves. Must observe children within the setting and comment on their development. They provide challenging tasks for the children, so they make the best of their abilities. Organise meetings with the parents throughout the year. Detailed description of the qualifications and experience needed for work associated with on occupation in the ECCE sector. One occupation in the Early Child Care and Education sector I have chose to further evaluate on is the pre-school manager. The pre-school manager has many roles and responsibilities such as: Being strictly confidential within and outside the Early Childhood Care and Education setting in relaxation to keeping personal information about the children, their family and also the staff. Ensuring when planned activities are taking place that each individual child’s developmental needs are being met. Making sure that every area and all facilities of the Early Childhood Care and Education setting are being met to Sioltas standards. Has the role of preparing and creating curriculum plans for the staff to carry out in the Early Childhood Care and Education setting. Making sure that there is good staff morale, resolving any issues that arise promptly and effectively Making sure that there the Child Protection policy is being promoted and that the policy is being firmly stuck to. If any concerns are arisen then the manager must document and record this. Organise meetings with parents throughout the year to inform them and discuss such things as the child’s progression and also  adhering to any concerns raised by the parents. It is also a role and responsibility of the manager to prepare and organise special event and outings for the children attending the Early Childhood Care and Education setting. ( class notes) The preschool manager must have a minimum qualification of level of seven/eight in childcare.This qualification can be obtained in most IT’s. The duration of study that it would take to obtain this would be approximately three to four years depending on the level of qualification. To then further become a pre-school manager the level of experience the individual would need to have would depend on the Early Childhood Care and Education setting. Generally the minimum experience needed by the individual would be approximately two – four years. It would be appropriate that the individual had experience as a supervisor before becoming a pre-school manager. Employment and Career Opportunities in Childcare Funding that is made available to state to childcare services, such as the Equal Opportunities Childcare Programme, the Early Childhood Care and Education Scheme / Free Pre-School year and Community Childcare Solovention scheme make the option of childcare services more appealing and therefore increase the demand for childcare services. As a result of the increased demand for childcare services, the demand for employment opportunities also increases. The Early Childhood care and Education Scheme / Free Pre-school year (FPSY) was introduced in 2009. The scheme recognized the importance of qualifications within the childcare sector and as a result it introduced a minimum qualifications standard for pre-school leaders. An important feature of the scheme is that it offers more funding for better qualified staff and because of this feature it can increase or decrease an individual’s employment opportunities e.g. if an individual applied for a particular position in which the state requires the potential employee to hold a Level 7 qualification, and the candidate did not hold a Level 7 qualification,  that candidate will most likely not get the position as a result as their employment would not benefit the pre-school. The Community Childcare Subvention Scheme is a support scheme that was set up to aid and support non-profit childcare services/centres. This scheme does not support profit childcare services. The schemes main focus is to help the non-profit childcare services. This scheme allows non-profit childcare services to provide their services at a lower rate, which enables children with disadvantaged parents the opportunity to attend childcare services. Each Community based service that takes part in the Community Childcare scheme, has the responsibility to make a guideline available of the different rates for each type of service that they offer to parents. There are four types of fee rates available; and the parent/guardian will be offered the rate depending on what price band or category they fall into based on their individual financial situation. This scheme enables more access to all types of parents and therefore increases the demand for childcare services and effectively increases employment opportunities. Special Needs Assistant – Due to the downturn in the Irish Economy, there have been substantial cuts in Special Needs Assistants. It has been revealed that approximately 1200 Special needs assistant positions will be cut in the near future. (Class notes) If this happens, there will be a sharp decrease in the amount of employment opportunities available within the childcare sector. It is also thought that as a result of the cuts, individuals that currently hold a Level 7/8 qualification may not be willing to apply for job opportunities that become available due to the poor pay conditions and low status of the childcare positions. Progression of qualifications within the childcare sector e.g. achieving a Level 5 and progressing to a Level 6, Level 7 and Level 8 qualification is becoming more important to childcare workers to help them increase their employment opportunities. The better the qualification that a childcare worker obtains means they have a higher chance of securing employment within the childcare sector. E.g. If an advertisement is published in a newspaper for a childcare position, and an individual that holds a Level 5 applies  while also an individual what holds a Level 8 qualification also applies, the individual with the higher qualification i.e. the Level 8 qualification, will have a higher chance of getting the position. After obtaining a Level 8 qualification i.e. A Degree in childcare, which is generally obtained over a three year period, there is a career opportunity to continue to study towards a Primary school teaching qualification. A further two years of study in Teacher training is also required before obtaining a qualification as a Primary school teacher. After achieving a minimum of a Level 7/8 qualification, there is also the opportunity to become a manager within a childcare setting. An individual seeking to further their career or who wishes to pursue a career in management would also need sufficient experience within the early childcare and education setting to secure a higher position. This career opportunity can only become available for the individual if they have obtained a Level 7/8 qualification.

Use a Periodic Sentence to Create Suspense

A periodic sentence is a long and frequently involved sentence, marked by suspended syntax, in which the sense is not completed until the final word — often with an emphatic climax. This is also called a  period or a suspended sentence.   Professor Jeanne Fahnestock notes in Rhetorical Style that the distinction between periodic and loose sentences begins with Aristotle, who described types of sentences on the basis of how tight or how open they sounded. Etymology Periodic is from the Greek for going around or circuit. Examples and Observations P.G. Wodehouse, Something Fresh In the almost incredibly brief time which it took the small but sturdy porter to roll a milk-can across the platform and bump it, with a clang, against other milk-cans similarly treated a moment before, Ashe fell in love. Ralph Waldo Emerson, Self-Reliance To believe your own thought, to believe that what is true for you in your private heart is true for all men, that is genius. E.B. White, Stuart Little In the loveliest town of all, where the houses were white and high and the elms trees were green and higher than the houses, where the front yards were wide and pleasant and the back yards were bushy and worth finding out about, where the streets sloped down to the stream and the stream flowed quietly under the bridge, where the lawns ended in orchards and the orchards ended in fields and the fields ended in pastures and the pastures climbed the hill and disappeared over the top toward the wonderful wide sky, in this loveliest of all towns Stuart stopped to get a drink of sarsaparilla. Truman Capote,  In Cold Blood Like the waters of the river, like the motorists on the highway, and like the yellow trains streaking down the Santa Fe tracks, drama, in the shape of exceptional happenings, had never stopped there. I Corinthians 13 And though I have the gift of prophecy, and understand all mysteries, and all knowledge; and though I have all faith, so that I could remove mountains, and have not charity, I am nothing. Iain Sinclair, Lights Out for the Territory In the entrances of office blocks, just outside the revolving doors, on the fake marble steps (behind which can be glimpsed internal security personnel, pompous desks, escalators, hanging Jim Dine torsos) are these suits. Women in suits. Slightly shifty blokes. Insiders, badge-wearers, forced to taste the weather, to step outside — because they want to, have to, smoke. H. L. Mencken Democracy is that system of government under which people, having 60,000,000 native-born adults to choose from, including thousands who are handsome and many who are wise, pick out a Coolidge to be head of state. It is as if a hungry man, set before a banquet prepared by master cooks and covering a table an acre in area, should turn his back upon the feast and stay his stomach by catching and eating flies. Dylan Thomas, A Childs Christmas in Wales Years and years ago, when I was a boy, when there were wolves in Wales, and birds the color of red-flannel petticoats whisked past the harp-shaped hills, when we sang and wallowed all night and day in caves that smelt like Sunday afternoons in damp front farmhouse parlors, and we chased, with the jawbones of deacons, the English and the bears, before the motor car, before the wheel, before the duchess-faced horse, when we rode the daft and happy hills bareback, it snowed and it snowed. Saul Bellow, Mr. Sammlers Planet And even in the old days, in the days when he was British, in the lovely twenties and thirties when he lived in Great Russell Street, when he was acquainted with Maynard Keynes, Lytton Strachey, and H. G. Wells and loved British views, before the great squeeze, the human physics of the war, with its volumes, its vacuums, its voids (that period of dynamics and direct action upon the individual, comparable biologically to birth), he had never much trusted his judgment where Germans were concerned. Samuel Johnson, Preface to Shakespeare Upon every other stage, the universal agent is love, by whose power all good and evil is distributed, and every action quickened or retarded. To bring a lover, a lady, and a rival into the fable; to entangle them in contradictory obligations, perplex them with oppositions of interest, and harass them with violence of desires inconsistent with each other; to make them meet in rapture and part in agony; to fill their mouths with hyperbolical joy and outrageous sorrow; to distress them as nothing human ever was distressed; to deliver them as nothing human ever was delivered, is the business of a modern dramatist. James Boswell, The Life of Samuel Johnson â€Å"Addison’s style, like a light wine, pleases everybody from the first. Johnson’s, like a liquor of more body, seems too strong at first, but, by degrees, is highly relished; and such is the melody of his periods, so much do they captivate the ear, and seize upon the attention, that there is scarcely any writer, however inconsiderable, who does not aim, in some degree, at the same species of excellence.† Suspended Syntax and Balancing Acts Richard A.  Lanham, A Handlist of Rhetorical Terms Generally speaking, one might say that the  period  expresses a complete thought self-sufficiently; beyond this, it must have at least two members...Periodic sentence is a very rough English equivalent; it describes a long sentence that consists of a number of elements, often balanced or  antithetical, and existing in perfectly clear syntactic relationship to one another. The phrase suspended  syntax is often used to describe it, since the syntactical pattern, and so the sense is not completed, is suspended, until the end. Richard A. Lanham, Analyzing Prose The periodic stylist works with balance, antithesis, parallelism and careful patterns of repetition; all these dramatize a mind which has dominated experience and reworked it to its liking. It is tempting to say that the periodic style humanizes time and we can say this, so long as we remember that to go with the flow is as human as to oppose it... Periodic Sentences in Classical Rhetoric James J. Murphy, A Synoptic History of Classical Rhetoric Isocrates style is particularly characterized by the use of the periodic sentence, a style still recommended today as a means to achieve emphasis. Periodic sentences are formed by a series of clauses that build to the main clause, leading to a climactic effect. Here is an example of the periodic sentence from Isocrates political treatise Panegyricus: For when that greatest of all wars broke out and a multitude of dangers presented themselves at one and the same time, when our enemies regarded themselves as irresistible because of their numbers and our allies thought themselves endowed with a courage which could not be excelled, we outdid them both in a way appropriate to each. Periodic Style vs Cumulative Style Theresa Jarnagin Enos,  Encyclopedia of Rhetoric and Composition A periodic style is usually described as compact and as being characterized by suspended syntax. In a periodic sentence, subordinate elements precede the main clause of the sentence; a periodic style is dominated by such constructions... A periodic style is contrasted with a style variously described as free-running, cumulative, or loose. The use of a free-running style reflects the combining and intermingling of multiple thoughts, one upon the other, and gives the impression that a writer is exploring ideas; the main clause of a loose sentence comes first, and less important details and qualifications follow. A periodic style, on the other hand, is marked by periods and denotes a refinement and a controlled emphasis on the part of the writer. William Strunk, Jr., The Elements of Style The proper place in the sentence for the word or group of words that the writer desires to make most prominent is usually the end. Suspended Sentence Patterns Kristin Dombek, Critical Passages: Teaching the Transition to College Composition Ask students to look at a writing exercise or essay theyve written, and to mark the most important sentence in each paragraph. Ask them to look for places where that sentence might be better placed either at the beginning or end of the paragraph and to think about why. Then ask them questions to help them reflect on the patterns they see: Are you a cumulative or a periodic thinker? What effect does it have when the controlling sentence, with the most important information and thinking, comes at the beginning of a paragraph? At the end? Advantages and Disadvantages of Periodic Sentences Andrew Dousa Hepburn, Manual of English Rhetoric The periodic structure promotes energy, as it preserves the unity of the sentence and concentrates its strength in a single point. But it has an artificial appearance; it is unfitted for some kinds of composition, and its frequent recurrence is always disagreeable. It is not easy, without more help than the English language furnishes, to enable readers to retain in their minds the members of a complex thought, and at the close bind them easily and promptly into unity. To prevent obscurity and overtasking the attention, superfluous words and thoughts should be excluded from a period, and the members and clauses should be few and short. In arranging the clauses of the members, the same rule must be followed that governs the arrangement of the members of the period; the reader must not be led to suppose that the sentence is finished until it actually is so. When this rule is neglected, a period has the tediousness and feebleness of a badly constructed loose sentence. Sources 1 Corinthians. The Holy Bible, King James Version, Chapter 13, King James Bible Online, 2019. Bellow, Saul. Mr. Sammlers Planet. Stanely Crouch, Revised ed. edition, Penguin Classics, January 6, 2004. Boswell, James. The Life of Samuel Johnson. Penguin Classics, David Womersley (Editor), 1st edition, Paperback, Penguin Classics, November 19, 2008. Capote, Truman. In Cold Blood. Vintage International, Paperback, Vintage, February 1, 1994. Dombek, Kristin. Critical Passages: Teaching the Transition to College Composition. Language and Literacy Series, Scott Herndon, Celia Genishi, Dorothy S. Strickland, Donna E. Alvermann, Teachers College Press, December 6, 2003. Emerson, Ralph Waldo. Self-Reliance. Paperback, CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform, April 3, 2017. Enos, Theresa Jarnagin (Editor). Encyclopedia of Rhetoric and Composition: Communication from Ancient Times to the Information Age. 1st Edition, Routledge, March 19, 2010. Fahnestock, Jeanne. Rhetorical Style: The Uses of Language in Persuasion by Jeanne Fahnestock. Paperback, 1 Edition, Oxford University Press, October 12, 2011. Hepburn, A. D. Manual of English Rhetoric. Charlotte Downey, Scholars Facsimiles Reprints, Scholars Facsimilies Reprint, October 1, 2001. If Its Obvious It Cant Be True. Old Life, January 22, 2016. Isocrates. Delphi Complete Works of Isocrates. Delphi Ancient Classics Book 73, Kindle Edition, 1 Edition, Delphi Classic, November 12, 2016. Johnson, Samuel. Preface to Shakespeare. 1st Edition, CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform, October 23, 2014. Jovanny, Meaning of this quote? Yahoo Answers, 2011. Lanham, Richard A. Analyzing Prose. Paperback, Second Edition, Bloomsbury Academic. Lanham, Richard A. A Handlist of Rhetorical Terms. Second Edition, University of California Press, November 15, 2012. Murphy, James J. A Synoptic History of Classical Rhetoric. Richard A. Katula, Michael Hoppmann, Paperback, 4th Edition, Routledge, 2013. Sinclair, Iain. Lights Out for the Territory. International Edition, Paperback, Penguin UK, October 28, 2003. Strunk, William Jr. The Elements of Style. E.B. White, Test Editor, Roger Angell, 4th Edition, Peason, August 2, 1999. Thomas, Dylan. A Childs Christmas in Wales. Hardcover, Orion Childrens Books, October 2, 2014. White, E.B. Stuart Little. Garth Williams (illustrator), Paperback, Harper Row, February 1, 2005. Wodehouse, P.G. Something Fresh. The Collectors Wode edition, Hardcover, Harry N. Abrams, April 7, 2005

Attorney Client Privilege - 2121 Words

The interesting part of the two matters I will be addressing here is that an individual almost has to know prior to a suit being filed that litigation may occur. Discussions and written matter, all correspondence, emails and documents exchanged between parties should be prepared with a thought to potential litigation. Attorney Client Privilege and the Work Product Doctrine are two separate and distinct issues and should be treated within the legal world as separate disclosures. Attorney Client Privilege, which originated in Roman and canon law, has evolved into a recognized judicial doctrine and is necessary in order to provide clients with access to effective, well informed counsel. In Upjohn Co. v US the Supreme Court the Court†¦show more content†¦Prior to a corporation or its employees taking action, it usually requires an informed legal advice. Legal direction may be either taken or dismissed; the point is that in order to provide an informed decision counsel and its direct reports are provided with confidential information. Counsel reviews the confidential information and provides an opinion on the issue. This opinion may or may not support the legality of a matter and the company may or may not act because of the information provided, however, the confidentiality of the initial information provided, the attorney’s thought process, as well as all reasoning associated with this process needed to be retained as confidential. Particularly when a corporation has in-house counsel, counsel may wear two hats. Not only is the counsel required to provide legal information, some with expert business sense, is asked to provide operational and directional advice. Corporate counsel usually holds more than one title; (in addition to those of General Counsel, Corporate Counsel, Associate Corporate Counsel, etc.) they may also hold the title of an Officer of the company (e.g. Executive Vice President, Senior Vice President, Vice President, Secretary, etc.) Counsel needs to be able to separate these titles to ensure that the General Counsel’s Work Product andShow MoreRelatedClient Attorney Privilege : The Code Of Silence940 Words   |  4 Pages Client attorney privilege is describes the code of silence that is a legally recognized right of the client to tell his attorney anything and the attorney will can not disclose this privileged communication. However, in some cases it s sad that you as the attorney have to refer to the code of silence in order not to be disbarred. I know I would want to give that mother of the five years boy some closure and stop the argany with the hopes that her five year old is still alive. I also understandRead More The Attorney-Client Privilege2235 Words   |  9 PagesMichmerhuizen the Attorney-Client Privilege means â€Å"The concepts of lawyer confidentiality and Attorney-Client Privilege both concern information that the lawyer must keep private and are protective of the client’s ability to confide freely in his or her lawyer † (1). I firmly believe that the Attorney-Client Privilege should not be abolished because it would be changing something our nation has been exposed to for so long, helps build a good relationship between client and attorney, and is most importantlyRead MoreAttorney Client Privilege And Confidentiality1192 Words   |  5 Pages Alton Logan Case: Attorney-Client Privilege and Confidentiality Samantha Naylor Kaplan University 7/27/15 â€Æ' Alton Logan: Attorney-Client Privilege and Confidentiality In 1982, Alton Logan was charged and sentenced to life in prison for the first-degree murder of a McDonald’s security guard in Illinois after three witnesses identified him despite the fact that several family members gave testimonies stating that Logan was home in the bed when the murder occurred (CBSNews, 2008). Around the sameRead MoreCase Analysis : Attorney Client Communication1529 Words   |  7 PagesMEMORANDUM ATTORNEY-CLIENT COMMUNICATION ATTORNEY WORK PRODUCT TO: Ted Becker FROM: David F. Waserstein DATE: October 16th, 2016 RE: Risk of Exposing Non-Testifying Consulting Expert ([Party X]) to Discovery or Deposition in [Party Y] Case INTRODUCTION According to Fed. R. Civ. P. 26(b)(4)(D), a plaintiff cannot discover the facts known, or opinions held by an expert if: (1) the expert was retained in anticipation of litigation; (2) defendant does not intend to call a representative of theRead MoreEthical Dilemmas Of Attorney Client Privilege1157 Words   |  5 Pagesact. Attorneys come into contact daily which involves the attorney-client relationships. The attorney-client privilege is a legal privilege that works to keep communications between a lawyer and his/her client secret (silence is golden). The privilege is a legal doctrine that protects confidential information, the contents and actions related to the privileged communication must preserve the integrity of the attorney-client privilege. This paper presents the ethical dilemmas of the attorney-clientRead MoreParalegal Proffesional and Ethics Debate Post 11199 Words   |  5 Pagesparalegal and the skills necessary to be a paralegal. Why are these skills important? Are paralegals able to represent clients? What is attorney-client privilege and how does this relate to the role of a paralegal? Summarize the Biblical Model as presented by Professor Bern. Post: The role of the paralegal: I would say that the role of a paralegal is primarily to assist an attorney, law office, or government agency. But there can be other roles as well that are less common, such as but not limitedRead MoreEthical Dilemmas Of Attorney Client Privilege1153 Words   |  5 Pagesact. Attorneys come into contact daily which involves the attorney-client relationships. The attorney-client privilege is a legal privilege that works to keep communications between a lawyer and his/her client secret (silence is golden). The privilege is a legal doctrine that protects confidential information, the contents and actions related to the privileged communication must preserve the integrity of the attorney-client privilege. This paper presents the ethical dilemmas of the attorney-clientRead MoreThe Complexity And National Significance Of The D.c1174 Words   |  5 Pageslandscape of federal administrative law and federal anti-corruption law. Part III: The Attorney-Client Privilege Testifying in Congress during a 1973 hearing on the then-pending Federal Rules of Evidence, Associate Justice Arthur Goldberg of the United States Supreme Court remarked that privilege law â€Å"is the concern of the public at large, [involving, such crucial relationships as that] between lawyer and client, a privilege that long antedates the adoption of our constitution. [It] relate[s] to the fundamentalRead MoreCase Ethics And Personal Ethics1387 Words   |  6 Pages Attorney Ethics Amberjean M. Gallagher St. Leo University January 28, 2016 Author Note Amberjean Marie Gallagher, Virginia Beach, Virginia No noted changes in affiliation. There were no grants or other financial support for my study. No other colleagues assisted in conducting research and development of this paper. Correspondence concerning this paper should be addressed to Amberjean Marie Gallagher, 1616 Quail Point Rd, Virginia Beach, VA, 23454 E-mail: amberjean.gallagher@emailRead MoreStephen assignment draft Essay830 Words   |  4 PagesMEMORANDUM From: Stephen Haas To: Reader Date: July 8, 2011 Re: Divulging Confidential Information About our client Ener G. Traidor Relevant Facts Our client, Ener G. Traidor (â€Å"Traidor†), has retained our firm to assist with his acquisition of an oil drilling company. During the course of the representation, we discovered that Traidor’s plans involved drilling in a manner than could produce dangerous results for a nearby town’s water supply. We have presented Traidor our concerns about the impact

Essay about Influenza Vaccines - 841 Words

Influenza is an infectious illness that can be spread from one individual to the next. It can be transmitted by means of saliva, nasal secretions, feces and blood. It can also be spread by coming in contact with the virus on contaminated surfaces. Influenza is responsible for an average of 36,000 deaths and for more than 226,000 hospitalizations each year in the United States. (Davidson, 2007-2009, Davis, 2007). Influenza viruses are divided into three classes. These are A, B, and C. Influenza A and B are blamed for the increases in hospitalization and deaths each year. The aim of receiving an annual vaccine is to prevent spreading infections. Since flu outbreaks vary, it is recommended that individuals receive a vaccination for the flu†¦show more content†¦Additionally, as many as 500,000 chicken eggs per day are needed for the process. Influenza viruses are injected into chicken egg embryos, where they are allowed to incubate and multiply for several days. A machine extracts the virus from the egg, which is then purified and chemically killed and made into the vaccine. (Tenpenny, 2008, Davidson, 2007-2009, Offit, 2008). It takes about eight months for the vaccines to be developed using chicken eggs. If another pandemic were to arise, we would not have access to the vaccines for at least eight months. Moreover, once the vaccines are made, they must be used. Vaccines that are not used cannot be stored and must be destroyed because the vaccines break down. The vaccines do include the three influenza viruses; two against different strains of type A, and one against the type B virus. (Tenpenny, 2008, Davidson, 2007-2009, Offit, 2008). In late spring 2009, the World Health Organization labeled the swine flu a pandemic. In October 2009, President Barack Obama declared a state of emergency when over 1,000 Americans, as well as nearly a hundred children, had died as a result of the swine flu. Unfortunately, we also faced a shortage of vaccines to deal with the outbreak. Responding to the flu outbreak was also slow. In April 2009, the United States federal government authorized production of the swine flu vaccine. Based on prior growth patterns of seasonal flu vaccines, it projected that 120 million dosesShow MoreRelatedInfluenza Vaccines And The Flu Vaccine1519 Words   |  7 PagesInfluenza Vaccines Summary This paper explores published works related to patients who received the flu vaccine who were sixty-five years and older. The evaluated articles examine the effectiveness the flu vaccine had on the patient population of sixty-five years and older in relation to avoiding the flu and pneumonia diseases and hospitalizations, in this group of patients. It has been conceded for years that senior adults age sixty-five and older are at greater risk from an influenza illness andRead MoreVaccine Shortage : Influenza Vaccine922 Words   |  4 PagesInfluenza Vaccine Shortage The influenza virus continues to burden communities across the nation and vaccination has been established as an invaluable prevention measure in efforts to control the infectious disease. The efficacy of the influenza vaccine is reliant on accessible vaccines which provide protection against relevant seasonal viral strains and an adequate supply to meet population needs. There has been occasions which resulted in vaccine shortages and led to inadequate supplies to meetRead MoreEffectiveness Of The Influenza Vaccine1984 Words   |  8 Pages Effectiveness of the Influenza Vaccine Blake Olson and Eric Nietzel-Leone October 16, 2014 EBP Paper Draft #1 A Paper Presented to Meet Partial Requirements For NRSG 497 Research Methods in Nursing Southern Adventist University School of Nursing It seems like everywhere you go you are reminded that it is that time of the year. Just a short drive around town it is evident that flu shots are encouraged everywhere one looks. From medical personnel to store checkoutsRead MoreThe Epidemic Of Influenza Vaccine1294 Words   |  6 PagesEach year, there is an estimated 36,000 deaths associated with influenza, about 1,250 from the United States. Influenza (also known as the flu) is a highly contagious respiratory illness that attacks the upper respiratory tract. In some cases, it can cause a mild to severe illness, but in other in others it can lead to death. Many try to eliminate getting the flu at all by getting an influenza vaccine. The influenza vaccine has produced controversy all over the United States, as some say it is highlyRead MoreThe Importance of the Influenza Vaccine Essay1490 Words   |  6 Pageshumans have developed ways to cure themselves, beginning with simple herbs and proceeding as far as vaccines and complex medicines. One cure that long eluded scientists was that of the influenza virus. Now, the influenza vaccine, or flu shot, saves thousands of lives a year and helps prevent serious complications resulting from influenza infection. At no time was a search for the cure for influenza more frantic than after the devastating effects of the pandemic of 1918. The pandemic killed somewhereRead MoreVaccine and Influenza Illness Essay1230 Words   |  5 PagesGrant Wade April 22, 2001 Influenza Influenza Influenza, also known as the flu, is a virus that infects the respiratory tract. Although Influenza is not as severe as many viral infections it is almost the worst for viral infections of the respiratory tract. Typically, when someone is infected with influenza they experience fever (usually 100 ° to 103 °F in adults, but even higher in children) and causes a cough, sore throat, runny or stuffy nose, and also headaches, muscle aches, and usuallyRead MoreSample Resume : Influenza Virus Vaccine918 Words   |  4 PagesWriting Assignment: 01 Proper Name: Influenza Virus Vaccine Trade name: FLUCELVAX ®1 Product Sponsor: Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics, Inc.1 Regulatory milestones: 1) BLA submission: November 22, 20111 2) First pre-BLA meeting: July 31, 20071 3) The original BLA submitted in February 2009 was withdrawn to include the results of the clinical endpoint study.1 4) Second pre-BLA meeting: December 15, 20101 5) BLA Approval: November 20, 2012 Pharmacologic Class: Vaccine Introduction and descriptionRead MoreThe Science And History And Development Of The Influenza Vaccines1737 Words   |  7 Pages Introduction Influenza vaccines, also known as flu shots, are vaccines that claim to protect against influenza. The extent to which the influenza vaccine reduces the risk of disease under controlled conditions is known as the vaccine s efficacy. The testing of vaccine efficacy is quite stringent and involves Phase I, II, and III trials. Two of which, are double-blinded placebo controlled trials. Influenza adapts, and mutates such that is never the same from year to year, and therefore makingRead MoreThe Commercialization Of Flumist ( Medimmune ) The First Influenza Vaccine767 Words   |  4 Pagescommercialization of FluMist ® (MedImmune) the first influenza vaccine with attenuated virus. This trivalent vaccine is administrated via intranasal spray because the virus replicates in cells lining the nasopharynx [21–23]. Use of live-attenuated vaccine has been limited to individuals two through forty-nine years of age based on a failed efficacy to prevent febrile illness in adults fifty through sixty five years of age [22]. As in the TIV the first step for the vaccine production is the generation of the viralRead MoreThe Seasonal Influenza Vaccine For Children Has Acquired Increasing Acceptance Statistics2829 Words   |  12 PagesThe seasonal influenza vaccine has been in existence for a numerous amount of decades, therefore so has the gradual implementation of the vaccination. Through recent studies, the break through knowledge of the importance of enforcing the requirement of this vaccine for children has acquired increasing acceptance statistics. During the many outbreaks of different classified strands of avian influenza, the health care community has been unable to retain the virus and alleviate patients efficiently

Topic Proposal Essay Gap Year free essay sample

INTORDUCTION: More and more U.S. high school graduates are following the British trend of taking a â€Å"gap year† between high school and college. I want to determine whether the gap year is beneficial to students that have just graduated high school. Individuals who take a gap year have an opportunity to travel to a foreign country, get a job where they can earn job experience, earn money to help get them through school, or volunteer both at home and/or abroad. There is an intriguing array of options now available to students who want to choose to wait a year before starting college. I myself wish that I would have taken a year off to travel and get some worldly experience. I believe that it is a very beneficial option that many students should start taking advantage of. The gap year is a good topic for me to research this semester. We will write a custom essay sample on Topic Proposal Essay: Gap Year or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page RATIONALE: I have not traveled to a foreign country before nor have I taken a year off of school to do so. I am extremely interested in maybe doing so. College is a big transition to make after graduating high school. Since I’ve come to college I have felt mostly confident with my choice of school and furthering my education. As time goes on and I meet new people and hear different stories I have become more tempted to take a year off to travel. I’m not sure how my parents would react to this decision but from what I’ve researched and heard it would be an amazing experience that I most likely would not regret. Being at college has led me to question who I am and I what I truly want to do with my life. Because of those questions I have, I believe that researching the topic of the gap year would be very beneficial because I would be invested in the topic. The gap year has been most popular in Europe. Slowly the idea is taking root in the US as evidence by the increased number or articles written each year about the growing phenomenon. There has also been an increase in the number of programs available to students considering this option. I think that many parents might be afraid to let their children take a year off to explore by themselves. There are downfalls such as how much it might cost and so on. Many might not agree that taking a year off will motivate students more as well. Gap year travelers often return with greater confidence and a much more open-minded and mature approach to life, which can help them to gain greater focus for college life and improve their interpersonal skills for their future career (Tomer). Researching this topic will work well because it is a worldly and manageable topic that is gaining more interest from many different people. Some colleges are beginning to recommend taking a gap year because it leads to more motivated students. In the case of students who don’t feel that college is for them, the gap year offers many ways for them to find out if continuing their education is the right option. Harvard admissions Dean William Fitzsimmons has co-written a paper called Time Out or Burn Out for the Next Generation arguing that after the pressure student’s face in high school, devoting a year to their own pursuits prepares them for academia (Chatzky). I believe that a gap year can help students gain a better understanding of whom they are what they want to do or be when they grow up. I also hope to show that a gap year is not all just fun and games but an opportunity to open student’s eyes to the different opportunities that are available in the world. I believe that by researching the gap year I will be able to find out how it may resolve the problem of students just thinking college is one big party. REQUEST: I want to figure out the actual benefits of taking the opportunity to take a year off and experience the world. I am requesting your approval to research the gap year this semester because it will be manageable and I am invested in finding out the answers to my questions. This is a good topic for my research paper because of the growing interest in the gap year in the US and also the growing number of programs available to students. It is a growing trend with obvious benefits and I am committed to finding out if the benefits are real.

The Imbalance in Ecosystem in the Modern World

Population growth among the humans is leading to over exploitation of the eco system in trying to provide food, shelter and clothing. Santa in her publication World Is Undergoing Mass Extinction shows how over exploitation of the environment is causing imbalance in the eco system.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Imbalance in Ecosystem in the Modern World specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The imbalance in ecosystem is eventually leading to extinction of some species from the earth surface. In equatorial Africa, over exploitation of the equatorial forest to provide trees for timber and medicinal herbs is leading to desertification. The Equatorial forest together with the Amazon forest used to boast of the widest varieties of birds and animals which most of them no longer exist. The extinction and endangerment of animals in these forests are caused by human being activities. Sheldon, in the article Endangered Spe cies/Species Extinction – Causes, Statistics, and Trends, suggests that human beings should develop a way to exploit the environment without affecting other species living within the same surrounding. Natural extinction can be slowed down even if it is caused by forces of nature. The natural extinction within the Amazon forest is being brought about by climate change. The climate change is brought by human activities which include industrialization and farming. Using of environmentally friendly sources of power to run the industries might reduce the global warming by 25%. The Greater Horseshoe Bat a bird found in Britain is endangered because of human activities of lumbering and use of pesticides within its eco system. The bird left without a natural habitat and food making is hard to survive in the new polluted environment. Laws developed to protect the endangered animals are not enough to protect the rare species. Governments need to involve the local communities in trying to protect the animals which would be an effective process. Kurpis, in her article Ways You Can Help Endangered Species, suggests that communities should be involved in forming game reserves or parks where the endangered animals will be reared. The need to protect endangered animals is a necessity because of the technological advancement among the humans. Human beings have come up with weapons that can kill some of these animals in thousands within a short period. Poachers use these weapons to hunt the endangered animals eventually contributing to eradication of certain species of animals like the white rhino. The anti poaching laws and willingness of people have proved pivotal in increasing the white rhino’s population within the Earth’s surface. Research by Bishop, in his publication Biodiversity loss from species extinctions may rival pollution and climate change impacts, has shown areas with massive extinction are facing decrease in biodiversity. The extinction is leading to such things as global warming, low production, and air pollution.Advertising Looking for essay on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More These changes are some of the contributors to global warming a major problem in the current century. Environments that harbor a wide variety of species have a large production of food. The massive production is brought about by ability of nature to control all factors of production using natural means. Human beings will be the greatest losers because of the extinction of certain species. Extinction of herbivores within some eco system is leading to conflict between human beings and carnivores like lions. Such conflict would not take place if humans did not over hunt the herbivores for meat leaving carnivores with nothing to feed. Myers, in the article 10 Recently Extinct Animals – Top 10 Lists | List verse, shows that human beings are the main contributors to the extinction of species in the current century. These leaves human beings with a moral obligation of ensuring the endangered species do not get extinct by protecting their habitat. Protection of their habitats will ensure they get safe bleeding places, and enough food to survive. Works Cited Bishop, Adrian. ‘Biodiversity loss from species extinctions may rival pollution and climate change impacts.’ Earth Times. 2012. Web. Nov. 5, 2012. Kurpis, Lauren. ‘Ways You Can Help Endangered Species.’ Endangered Species. 2007. Web. Nov. 5, 2012. Myers, Stephanie. ’10 Recently Extinct Animals – Top 10 Lists | List verse.’ Top 10 Lists – List verse. 2009. Web. Nov. 5, 2012. Santa, Barbara. ‘World Is Undergoing Mass Extinction.’ Science News. 2008. Web. Nov. 5, 2012.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Imbalance in Ecosystem in the Modern World specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Sheldon, Joseph. ‘Endangered Species/Species Extinction – Causes, Statistics, and Trends.’ Clean Funny Cartoons / Environmental Issues on Grinning Planet. n.d. Web. Nov. 5, 2012. This essay on The Imbalance in Ecosystem in the Modern World was written and submitted by user Crew Vega to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.